Emulsion



Patented Aug. 1c, 1932 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE ELMER W. ADAMS, OF HAMMOND, INDIANA, ASSIGNOR "1'0 STANDARD OIL COMPANY,

OF WRITING, INDIANA, A CORPORATION OF INDIANA EMULSION No Drawing.

This invention relates to emulsions and particularly to emulsions of mineral oils and to' oil compositions which are readily emulsifiable.

The emulsions produced according to the present invention are capable of use as cutting and grinding lubricants and as softening agents for wool and silk fibers.

I have found that the soaps of the acidic product derived from the oxidation of hydrocarbon oils possess advantageous properties which render them particularly valuable emulsifying agents in such compositions. .These emulsifyin agents enable the production of soluble 011s and the like which are easily dispersible in. cold water, either soft or hard, and are of great stability even in proportions of forty or fifty parts of water to one of oil.

Any suitable mineral oil may be employed,

and particularly hydrocarbon lubricating oils are suitable. In addition to the soaps of the oxidized mineral oil it is preferred to employ a certain amount of free acid. This acid may be provided by supplying an excess of oxidized mineral oil. It is, however, preferred to employ a quantity of fatty acid for this purpose. A liquid fatty'acid, such as oleic, undecylenic acid and the like, is particularly suitable.

A small amount of alcohol may be incorporated in the emulsifiable composition for the purpose. of aiding initial dispersion. It is also preferred to incorporate in the composition a small amount of water, which aids in dispersion and also assists in retaining the alcohol in case the composition contains such alcohol.

.WhiIe the acidic compounds may be de-- rived from various grades of hydrocarbon oils, it is preferred to use as a starting material the so-called white oils which result from the treatment of lubricating distillate with fuming sulfuric acid.

A typical soluble oil may comprise oxidized mineral oil to per cent, light lubricating oil 20 to 80 per cent, potassium hydroxide sufficient to neutralize the oxidized mineral oil, liquid fatty acid 5 to 15 per cent,

Application filed September 4, 1928. Serial No. 303,968.

alcohol 0 to 5 per cent, and water 0 to per cent.

The invention will more readil be understood from the following speci 0 example of a soluble oil which is highly suitable for the production of emulsions for the purposes indicated above.

A light mid-continental lubricating distillate is treated with five pounds of fuming sulfuric acid per gallon. The finished oil is Water white and has a viscosity of about 100 sec. Saybolt at 100 F. This oil is heated to about 300 to 320 F. and air is blown through for twenty-four hours. The product is dark in color and has a neutralization value of about 52 and a saponification value of about 110 mg. of potassium hydroxide per gram of oil.

The potash soap of this oxidized oil is incorporated in the following composition:

Per cent Oxidized mineral oil 16.0 Potassium hydroxide 2.6 Straw oil 61.4 Oleic acid 10.0 Alcohol 8.0 Water 7.0

The oxidized mineral oil is first completely neutralized and saponified by the potassium hydroxide in approximately a 42 B. solution. The remaining ingredients are added with thorough mixing.

This oil disperses very easily in cold water, either soft or hard, and forms emulsions of great stability even in proportions of or parts of water to 1 of oil.

Although the present invention has been described with reference to the details of a specific example thereof, it is not intended that such details shall be regarded as limitations upon the scope of the invention except in so far as included in the accompanying claims.

I claim:

1. An emulsifiable composition comprising a hydrocarbon lubricating oil, alkali metal soap of the acid products of oxidized mineral oil as an emulsifying agent therefor and an added quantity of free organic acid.

' a hydrocarbon lubricating oil, alkali metal soap of the acid products of oxidized mineral oil as an emulsifying agent therefor, an added free organic acid, and a small quantity of alcohol.

5. An emulsifiable composition comprising a hydrocarbon lubricating oil, alkali metal soap of the acid products of oxidized mineral oil as an emulsifying agent therefor, an added free organic acid, and a small quantity of water.

6. Soluble oil comprising oxidized mineral oil 10 to 20 per cent, light lubricating oil 20 to 80 per cent, potassium hydroxide sufficient to neutralize and saponify the acid products of the oxidized mineral oil, added free liquid fatty acid 5 to 15 per cent, alcohol 0 to 5 per cent, and water 0 to 10 per cent.

7. Soluble oil comprising oxidized mineral oil containing the acid products of its oxidation, 16 per cent, potassium hydroxide 2.6 per cent, straw oil 61.4 per cent, added free oleic acid 10 per cent, alcohol 3 per cent, and water 7 per cent.

8. An emulsifiable composition comprisin a hydrocarbon oil, a soap of acid products 0% an oxidized component of white mineral oil, and added free oleic acid.

9. An emulsifiable composition comprising a hydrocarbon oil, a soap .of acid. products of an oxidized component of white mineral oil, and an added free fatty organic acid.

10. An emulsifiable composition comprising a hydrocarbon oil, an alkali metal soap of acid products of an oxidized component of white mineral oil, and anadded free fatty organic acid.

ELMER W. ADAMS. 

